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NORDIS-tutkimus

NORDIS-ohjelman toisella kaudella Bergenin yliopisto ja Factiverse kehittävät työkaluja, joilla helpotetaan generatiivisen tekoälyn faktantarkistusta.

Työkaluja voidaan käyttää tekoälyn tuottaman disinformaation, väärennösten ja harhaanjohtavan audiovisuaalisen sisällön havaitsemiseen ja paljastamiseen.

Työ perustuu Bergenin yliopistossa NORDIS-ohjelman ensimmäisellä rahoituskaudella kehitettyihin välineisiin sekä tuotteisiin ja prototyyppeihin, jotka Factiverse on jo kehittänyt.

Jotta NORDIS auttaisi vastaamaan generatiivisen tekoälyn haasteeseen Euroopan tasolla, se antaa kaikki tulokset ja työkalut EDMO-yhteisön käyttöön, kun NORDIS-ohjelman toinen kausi päättyy.

Työkaluja testataan lisäksi pohjoismaisten toimittajien koulutuskursseilla. Tätä toimintaa johtaa FMI Media Institute.

NORDIS-ohjelman ensimmäisen rahoituskauden aikana toteutetut toimet ovat johtaneet useisiin tutkimusraportteihin, joita ovat laatineet Århusin yliopisto, Uppsalan yliopisto, Helsingin yliopisto ja Bergenin yliopisto. Tuloksiin voi tutustua alla.

NORDIS-ohjelman faktantarkistuskumppanit ovat Faktisk.no (NO), TjekDet (DK), Källkritikbyrån (SE) ja Faktabaari (FI).

Olemme Euroopan digitaalisen median seurantakeskuksen (EDMO) jäseniä.

Uusimmat tutkimusraportit

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Julkaisut

Hiljattain julkaistut tutkimusjulkaisut

Emotional landscapes of misinformation spread

In February 2020, only a month after the Covid-19 pandemic was declared, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced that the crisis was accompanied by an ‘infodemic’ of misinformation

5 policy recommendations to improve state-of-affairs

Social media poses an everlasting challenge in academic research and, in extension hereof, our ability to understand the influences of social media on various aspects of today's societies and democracies

Responsibility, legitimacy and harmful social media content

The report discusses content moderation from the perspective of powerful platform companies (YouTube, Facebook, Instagram, WhatsApp, Tiktok, X/Twitter) in the context of increasing demands for accountability

Verified false content in Europe on social media

As modern crises are accompanied by increasing amounts of misinformation and social media platforms are increasingly important for ensuring public acceptance of policies, it is more vital than ever to uncover who is exposed to misinformation, and what types of misinformation stories are spread.

Audience experiences of media disinformation

This NORDIS study, co-funded by the C.V. Åkerlund Media Foundation, focuses on Nordic audiences’ experiences of media trust and experiences of disinformation, based on nationwide, representative surveys in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden in May-June of 2023.

Arkistoidut tutkimusjulkaisut

Recommendations of the Nordic Think Tank for Tech and Democracy

The Nordic countries share similar cultures and long-standing democratic values that provide an opportunity for strengthening our democracies even when they take increasingly place online. With this premise, the Nordic Think Tank for Tech and Democracy, set up by the Nordic Council of Ministers, met from April 2022 through April 2023 to discuss the effects of global platform power and the related responses needed to support the Nordic democracies.

An analytical report on online information propagation: The methods to propagate stories, with case studies

Describes a new approach to study the diffusion of stories posted on media sites and shared on social media. A typical approach to study this is to look at the features of the individual social media posts including links to those stories, e.g. number of shares or sentiment of individual posts. We propose to organise social media content into coherent sets of posts and their relations (e.g. replies), that we call conversations, and look at the association between stories from different types of sources and features of the conversations where they have been shared.

Assessing Information Disorder in the Digital Media Welfare State: A Rights-Based Approach

To provide NORDIS a baseline overview of the national contexts in the participating countries (Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden) and to design a framework for further research on policy and literacy analyses, this brief offers an overview of the Nordic digital media welfare states by combining secondary statistical data; 32 original expert interviews with fact-checkers, media literacy experts and policymakers; and an exploratory policy roundtable discussion. This material reveals a strong Nordic digital media welfare state...

How to assess national resilience to online misinformation; cooperation with Digires

Based on an analysis of 30 comparative indicators of Finland and Lithuania, depicting sociopolitical context, media landscape, and media use, and reflecting the findings on some qualitative expert interviews conducted within the project, the brief recommends the adaptation of a complex understanding of national resilience to online disinformation: Not only are descriptive indicators central to understanding systemic factors of resilience but the concrete attitudes, values, and capacities of those executing actions to build resilience are central...

Report on image verification tools

These deliverables aim at developing and improving fact-checker tools through the creation of tailor-made algorithms in multimedia forensics. The goal is to address specific problems in fact-checking and improve existing technologies, with a view to creating stand-alone prototypes that can be integrated into existing platforms. One such tool that has been developed is FotoVerifier, a platform that supports multiple image verification algorithms and takes into account human-in-the-loop and digital media literacy.

A method for auditing fact-checking databases

The influence of digital media has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic and with it the focus on online misinformation. Misinformation related to the pandemic can have consequences for the health of the population and for adherence to government measures. Therefore, fact-checking organizations have investigated stories that potentially spread misinformation and published their investigations online, with the goal to curb the negative impact of misinformation on society.

Predicting covid-related collective anxiety on social media

The Covid-19 pandemic- with all its many challenges- has allowed for unprecedented studies of public emotions in times of crisis using social media data to take the pulse of the population’s emotions. Many studies have highlighted the presence of fear and anxiety during the most uncertain times of the pandemic, especially in those countries most badly affected at the time (e.g., Italy, UK, China). But what happens when we turn our heads towards more resilient countries, such as some of the Nordic countries?

Policy approaches to information disorder in the digital welfare state

This progress report presents ongoing work conducted as part of NORDIS Activity 3: POLICY & INFORMATION LITERACY by Helsinki University. In this report the most interesting findings from the research on policy approaches to the information disorder in the Nordics are presented. The countries studied in this report, Norway, Denmark, Sweden and Finland, are performing very well in many statistical reports on media and democracy. Recent quantitative international studies on the subject of resilience to disinformation has been published...

Opportunities and challenges of public service media organisations in countering information disorder

Public service media (PSM) are widely considered to play a significant role in the fight against disinformation. The basic remit of PSM, formed around values of universality, independence, excellence, diversity, accountability, and innovation, implies a responsibility to fight disinformation by producing fact-based news and identifying remedies for disinformation. The importance of PSM is recognised in the resolution of the Council of Europe, which calls on member governments to support PSM while also urging PSM organisations to make countering disinformation a priority.

State of the art in fact-checking technology

The purpose of this report is to summarise the state of art in fact-checking technology in Europe and the United States. We aim to build a knowledge foundation to inform and guide coming work in the NORDIS project. The report contains an exploration of how fact-checking practices are augmented with different technical tools and an overview of available or emerging technology. The report ends with a brief analysis of gaps in available technology in relation to working processes and opportunities for development.

Report on the user needs of fact-checkers

Derives and prioritises user needs of the fact-checkers participating in the NORDIS project. We analyse innovation challenges in fact-checking and, together with fact-checkers, develop our understanding of work processes and the current state-of-the-art technology with regard to the use of artificial intelligence (AI) tools in newsrooms. The report guides our design and development work in the project. Our research identified four types of tools that are needed: social network monitoring, political debate monitoring, claim collection and detection, and verification in context.

Detection methods: the algorithms used to identify problematic content and behaviors

This report describes different types of computational approaches to support the identification of online problematic content and behaviours. The focus of the report is on the applicability of these approaches to Nordic social media data. We also describe the system used to collect data for our case studies, and the results obtained applying selected methods to the collected data. Based on the review and systematisation of existing approaches, the development of original methods, and their application to real data, this report also provides a list of considerations...

NORDIS-tutkimuskumppanit koostuvat neljästä yliopistokumppanista, joista kukin edustaa yhtä neljästä Pohjoismaasta. Yliopistokumppanit, Århusin yliopisto, Helsingin yliopisto, Bergenin yliopisto ja Uppsalan yliopisto, muodostavat monitieteisen tutkimusverkoston, joka ulottuu tietojenkäsittelytieteistä mediaan, journalismiin ja politiikan tutkimukseen. Tutkimustoiminta on jaettu neljään toimintoon, joista kutakin johtaa yksi yliopistokumppaneista:

Activity 2: Fact-checking digital media

Activity 2, led by the NORDIS coordinator, Aarhus University, will provide research on the context and circulation of mis- and disinformation in Nordic countries on digital media. The research conducted will be based on cross country data.

Activity 2 will add new research on disinformation that will lay the foundation for shared fact-checking initiatives, policy measures, and further insights into the emotions and influencers of disinformation

Activity 3: Stakeholder investigations

Activity 4: Tools and Best practices

Activity 5: Future methodology

Lue lisää

Tieteellisten julkaisujen arkisto

Digitaalisen median disinformaatiota koskevan eurooppalaisen akateemisen tutkimuksen EDMO-arkisto tarjoaa yleiskatsauksen disinformaation alan akateemiseen tutkimukseen, ja sitä päivitetään jatkuvasti koko hankkeen ajan.